Asphalt production, solvent extraction and dewaxing. Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical and electrostatic separation, and both use hot water as the extraction agent. Solvent extraction in the petroleum industry advances in chemistry. Correlations for predicting solvent requirements and layer com positions and process design and engineering con.
Solvent extraction processes are employed primarily for the removal of constituents that would have an adverse effect on the performance of the product in use. In the countercurrent process the treated liquid is contacted with solvent which has been employed in a previous contacting stage, except in the final stage of department of oil engineering and refining, university of birmingham. This volume is devoted to the main equipment used in a refinery or a petrochemical complex, classified by technology. Handbook of petroleum refining routledge handbooks online. Oct 26, 2012 solvent extraction based refining processes for precious metals undoubtedly offer several advantages over the traditional precipitation methods. Extractive metallurgy of nickel, cobalt and platinum group. Meyers is the inventor or coinventor of a number of broadly used engineering processes, and has managed projects in nearly every facet of the petroleum refining industry. Solvent extraction, also known as liquidliquid extraction, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils. Correlations for predicting solvent requirements and layer compositions and process design and engineering considerations are included. Meyers was manager of chemical process technology at trw and is now president of ramtech limited. Furfural is used extensively as the extractant for the refining of paraffinic oils. This process of separation of various constituents of petroleum is called petroleum.
Another solvent extraction process is called dewaxing. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 2 2. This refining process constitutes the first application of the bechtel process, used also to refine naphthenic oils. Us4676889a solvent extraction process for recovering. Several polar and nonpolar solvents were tested, and petroleum ether 90120c and ethanol 95 v% were selected as the nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively.
This is the term for the removal of most of the aromatics and undesirable constituents of oil distillates by liquid extraction. On the other hand, oilsolid separation is a process well known from domestic cleaning to petroleum extraction. An important application is the removal of heavy aromatic compounds from lubricating oils. Extracted petroleum has lots of impurities and therefore it cannot be used for any purposes. Hand book of lubricants, greases and petrochemicals technology project report manufacturing process cost investment required. Data are presented to demonstrate the applicability of adsorption. As these constituents serve different purposes, it is important to separate them, or in other words, refine the crude oil. Data are presented to demonstrate the applicability of adsorption analyses for stock evaluation.
A process for treating used motor oil or synthetic crude oil comprising. Provides stateoftheart information on all processes currently used to manufacture lubricant base oils and waxesoffering practical, timesaving solutions for specific onthejob problems. The solvent extraction method recovers almost all continue reading. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. Used to increase gasoline yield and improve octane yield which improves the antiknock properties of the fuel. Petrochemicals feed stock like ethylene and propylene can also be produced directly by cracking crude oil without. Solvent extraction procedures and steps involved in the process. Small amount of water in solvent may be removed during the solvent refining process. The technique is often preferred where distillation is not suitable. With treybals book 3 essentially out of print, the handbook of solvent extraction.
Regeneration of spent lubricant refining clays by solvent. This approach is commonly referred to as direct solvent extraction. A study of the principles of solvent extraction processes. Handbook of petroleum refining feedstock composition. Recycling of nickel, cobalt and platinumgroup metals 38. The solvent extraction process separates aromatics, naphthenes, and impurities from the product stream by dissolving or. Furnishes helpful lists of conversion factors, construction cost data, and process licensors, as well as a glossary of essential petroleum processing terms. Purposes lube oil extraction 1 the purpose of solvent extraction is to remove the.
Common and suitable extractants are phenol, furfural and sulfur dioxide. The other links add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it e. Bitumen recovered from tar sand by direct solvent extraction followed by washing of the sand tailings with countercurrent solvent flow and a solvent aqueous phase separation step to recover solvent and residual bitumen. However, in this case, the customer typically gets what he pays for. Polystyrene microbeads by dispersion polymerization. The spent clay was first extracted using petroleum ether.
Using the optimized conditions for uaod, sulfur removal up to 99% was achieved for model compounds in petroleum product feedstock using a molar proportion for h 2 o 2. Solvent extraction in the petroleum industry advances in. A process for recovery of zinc values from aqueous ammoniacal solutions employing certain alkylsalicylaldoximes or acetophenoximes as the extractant. This authoritative resource will prove essential for anyone who needs current, expertly written coverage of the latest developments in the petroleum refining process industry. Us4563256a solvent extraction process for recovery of. Solvent refining article about solvent refining by the free. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils. This book covers current refinery processes and processtypes that are likely to come.
The main challenge in modern solvent extraction separation is that most techniques are mainly empirical, specific and particular for narrow fields of practice and require a large degree of experimentation. The books are intended for students and for the engineers and technicians who operate in refineries. It illustrates stateoftheart engineering methods for the refinement of heavy oils, bitumen, and other highsulphur feedstocks. Solvent extraction method for edible oil processing. Gold refining by solvent extractionthe minataur process. This is the candle wax, the paraffin wax that we know. Solvent extraction edible oil processing wiley online. Petroleum is a mixture of many substances such as gas, petrol, diesel, kerosene, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc. Six extraction processes which have received industrial acceptance are described and performance characteristics of furfural, phenol, and duosol processes are compared. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and. Aromatic solvent extraction is generally applied to vacuum distillates to improve the vi or the multigrade property of base oils produced in the refinery. The solvents and hardware used to manufacture solvent refined base oils have evolved over time, but the basic strategy has not changed since 1930.
The solvent extraction technique is commonly employed in the petroleum refining industry. Solvent extraction in precious metals refining springerlink. Dec 31, 2001 this fivevolume series covers the entire range of technologies used in the petroleum refining industry. Some processes employed in the industry are listed. Petroleum refining engineeringii che425pg 2 credit hours 2016 dr.
There is a net transfer of one or more species from one liquid into another liquid phase, generally from aqueous to. Todd, in fermentation and biochemical engineering handbook. Lubricating oil background since the roman era, many liquids, including water, have been used as lubricants to minimize the friction, heat, and wear between mechanical parts in contact with each other. Solvent extraction is a chemical oil extraction method to process oil out from vegetables, oilseeds and nuts by solvent, and hexane is the preferred choice. The solvent extraction process in such solvent extraction, its advantageous to do extraction in successive stages using smaller lots of solvents rather doing extraction once using the entire lot. However, in this case, the customer typically gets what he pays for a higher quality base oil at a higher initial price. Petroleum, heavy oil, and tar sand bitumen are not usually found where the precursors were laid down, but in reservoirs. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils refineries are very large industrial complexes that involve many different processing units. Petroleum refining at a glance petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. What is solvent extraction and why is it important. Solvent precipitation occurs in a refinery in a deasphalting unit figure 3. The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. Us4302325a solvent extraction process for rerefining. Then the impurities can be easily separated and pure petroleum is further packed for sale.
The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental. Solvent extraction is a process which involves extracting oil from oilbearing materials by treating it with a low boiler solvent as opposed to extracting the oils by mechanical pressing methods such as expellers, hydraulic presses, etc. The evidence container is opened and a small quantity depending on the amount of debris in the container of a suitable solvent is added. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. A study of the principles of solvent extraction processes for. This fivevolume series covers the entire range of technologies used in the petroleum refining industry. Recycling of platinumgroup metals from automobile catalyst. Solvent extraction procedures and steps involved in the. Oil refinery processes presentation linkedin slideshare.
Us4676889a us06584,022 us58402284a us4676889a us 4676889 a us4676889 a us 4676889a us 58402284 a us58402284 a us 58402284a us 4676889 a us4676889 a us 4676889a authority us united states prior art keywords solvent bitumen process step tar sand prior art date 19840227 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal. Purchase fundamentals of petroleum refining 1st edition. Handbook of petroleum refining processes, fourth edition. Summary solvent extraction is the preferred method for the final separation of oil from oleaginous materials containing less than 30% oil by. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. Industrial oil processing for the edible oil generally involves the solvent extraction step which may or may not be preceded by pressing. Muhammad rashid usman institute of chemical engineering and technology university of the punjab, lahore. The two basic categories of lube oil are mineral and synthetic. Fundamentals of petroleum refining 1st edition elsevier.
Following the successful demonstration of the process on a pilotplant scale. Generally, these plants are designed especially for extracting oil directly from oilseeds that contain less than 20% oil such as soybean after the process of flaking. This work highlights contemporary approaches to resource utilization and provides comprehensive coverage of technological advances in residuum conversion. Carbon disulfide is the most popular solvent for this process. This extra cost incurred by the refiner is eventually passed on to the customer. It is specifically used in the extraction of automobile lubricating oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffinic. Solvent extraction is a method to separate compounds extraction complexes based. Special solvent is introduced in the petroleum which reacts with the impurities and either settles them down or keep. Crude oil desalting gas separation atmospheric distillation vacuum distillation desalted crude oil gas plant gas polymerization alkylation fuel gases lpg gasoline sweetening, treating and blending distillate sweetening, treating and blending residual treating and blending hydro treating and blending polymerization naphtha neutane alkylate catalytic. Thus, their usage by industry is expected to become standard practice.
Used to increase gasoline yield and improve octane yield which improves the antiknock properties of the. Fundamentals of petroleum refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. Hence, this extraction is used to purify the product. For oleaginous materials with less than 30% oil by weight, such as soybeans, cottonseed, dry process corn germ and rice bran, the material is mechanically and thermally prepared and then sent to the solvent extraction process for oil separation. A combination of solvent extraction and freeze thaw for oil. Liquidliquid extraction, mostly used in analysis, is a technique in which a solution is brought into contact with a second solvent. Solvent extraction is also widely used in the petrochemical refining industries.
Upon refrigeration, wax compounds solidify to form crystals. This method is also employed in the production of essential oils, which are used in perfumes, aromatherapy, and as flavorings, from plant material. Gold refining by solvent extractionthe minataur process by a. Solvent extraction based refining processes for precious metals undoubtedly offer several advantages over the traditional precipitation methods. Nov 08, 2014 the solvent extraction technique is commonly employed in the petroleum refining industry. The lowest temperature used in the refrigeration cascade depends on the desired pour point of the lube oils base stock product. Bryson synopsis the minataur process mintek alternative technology for au refining is a novel route for the production of highpurity gold using solvent extraction. Solvent extraction edible oil processing wiley online library. Special solvent is introduced in the petroleum which reacts with the impurities and either settles them down or keep them floating. Consider base oil and refining method when selecting lubricants. Solvent extraction is a very simple and sensitive technique, useable with a wide range of accelerants. In addition, the book recommends criteria for the selection of separations. Table 1 shows all the base oil groups as defined by the american petroleum institute api publication 1509.
Again, the purpose here is not to make candle wax but to remove wax from this heavy fraction of crude oil so that what is left over is a good base stock to make lubricating oils or engine oils. Hand book of lubricants, greases and petrochemicals technology. Factors affecting the solvent extraction technique by. Today, lubricating oil, or lube oil, is the most commonly used lubricant because of its wide range of possible applications. Petroleum refining processes download ebook pdf, epub. Report includes feasibility report, profitability analysis, raw materials, break even points, formulations and formula and much more. Sulfur removal from hydrotreated petroleum fractions using. Liquidliquid extraction lle, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water polar and an organic solvent nonpolar. The cost of refining oil using the conversion process is somewhat higher than the extraction process. The solvents and hardware used to manufacture solventrefined base oils have evolved over time, but the basic strategy has not changed since 1930. This presentation discusses the basics of solvent extraction process as employed in petroleum refining. Solvent extraction free download as powerpoint presentation.
Apr 27, 2020 solvent extraction is also used in the refining of uranium for nuclear reactors. Solvent extraction although solvent extraction as a method of separation has long been known to the chemists, only in recent years it has achieved recognition among analysts as a powerful separation technique. Treatment may involve chemical or physical separation e. Stepbystep solvent extraction was used to regenerate spent clay by recovering the adsorbed oil in lubricating oil refining clay. It illustrates stateoftheart engineering methods for the refinement of. The method also provides a means for separation of the zinc and copper values present in the aqueous ammoniacal solution. Among them, solvent extraction is a simple process by mixing oily waste and solvent in an appropriate proportion to ensure adequate miscibility of oil in solvent, while most water and solids are rejected as unwanted impurities which can be removed by gravitational settling or centrifugation. Solvent extraction an overview sciencedirect topics. This fully revised fourth edition is a complete compendium of licensable technologies for the refining of petroleum and production of environmentally acceptable fuels and. The avista solvent extraction technology enhanced selective refining, esr for vacuum distillates from used oils meets the requirements for a modern rerefining technology with regard to full conservation and recovery of the valuable synthetic and semisynthetic base oil components pao, xhvi, hc oils and quantitative elimination of toxicologically critical components present. The zinc and copper values are separately recovered from the organic phase by ph controlled. Solvent recovery from the oil stream is accomplished through distillation and. There are many solvent extraction plants manufacturers, who use the quality assured materials and latest technology in the fabrication process. The purpose of solvent extraction is to prevent corrosion, protect catalyst in subsequent processes, and improve finished products by removing unsaturated, aromatic hydrocarbons from lubricant and grease stocks.
Click download or read online button to get petroleum refining processes book now. Gold refining by solvent extraction the minataur process by a. Solvent refining article about solvent refining by the. Oil recovery from petroleum sludge by solvent extraction.